Molecular Biology — The Molecules of Life

Molecular biology explores the molecular machinery of cells — DNA, RNA, proteins and their interactions. It sits at the intersection of biology and chemistry.

The Central Dogma

Genetic information flows DNA → RNA → protein. Each arrow corresponds to one of the most important processes in the cell:

• Replication — copying DNA before cell division.
• Transcription — synthesising RNA from a DNA template.
• Translation — ribosomes decode mRNA into proteins.

Lab Techniques

PCR, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, cloning and CRISPR-Cas9 editing.